Alcohol And It’s Types

Alcohol.

Alcohols are hydroxyl derivative of alkanes containing –OH as a functional group. These compounds are obtained from alkanes replacing hydrogen atom by a hydroxyl group.

In homologous series, alcohols are represented by molecular formula CnH_2n+2.

Example of alcohol are as follows.

Classification of alcohols.

Alcohols are classified on the basis of

1. On the basis of number of –OH group:-
2. On the basis of nature of C-atoms containing –OH group.

1. On the basis of number of –OH group: On the basis , alcohols are classified as

• Monohydric alcohol.
• Dihydric alcohol.
• Trihydric alcohol
• Polyhydric alcohol.

Monohydric alcohol.

An alcohol heaving only one -OH group are called monohydric alcohol.

Dihydric alcohol.

An alcohol containing two -OH group is called dihydric alcohol.

Trihydric alcohol.

An alcohol containing 3-OH group are called Trihydric alcohol.

2. On the basis of nature of C-atom containing monohydric alcohol are classified into three types.

• Primary alcohol.
• Secondary alcohol.
• tertiary alcohol.

Primary alcohol. 1^0.

If carbon containing -OH group is bonded to non or one carbon atom,it is called primary alcohol or called 1^0.

Secondary alcohol. 2⁰

If the carbon containing -OH group is bonded with two C-atom it is called secondary alcohols.

Example

Tertiary alcohol.3⁰.

If the carbon containing -OH group is bonded to two C atoms it is called tertiary alcohol.

Important question.

Write a structural formula of secondary alcohol of C₃H₈O and give a method of its preparation using Grignard reagent.